Economic Operation of a Multi-Energy System Considering the Impacts of Micro-Mobility

Abstract

The increasing and uncontrolled demand for energy has led to the emergence of a multi-energy system (MES), which is a promising and efficient way of providing multiple energy services to end-users, such as electricity, heating and cooling. The determination of the optimal MES configuration involves a comprehensive assessment of the entire system, including its various components, load demands, and energy prices. This study focuses on an MES that comprises renewable energy sources (RESs), heat pumps (HPs), combined heat and power units (CHPs), community energy storage (CES), micro-mobility such as electric scooters (e-scooters), and multi-energy demands. To optimize the economic operation of the considered MES, several factors need to be taken into account, especially for considering the impacts of micro-mobility. The target of the study is to maximize the efficiency of the system and minimize the operation costs when the load demands are met. The study also evaluates the optimal operation of the MES, taking the time-of-use (TOU) and non-TOU electricity tariff into account and considering the relevant constraints throughout the operation horizon. Additionally, the economic and charging impacts of e-scooters are evaluated on the system. The proposed optimization algorithm is conducted for different case studies and based on the findings, the simulation results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the system.