This article reports the effects of air gap on insulation thickness and life cycle costs for different diameter steel pipes. The life cycle cost analysis based on heat degree days is used as a calculation method. Under ...

This study aims to optimize the thickness of the insulation layer in the pipes made of different materials for HVAC pipe applications. The pipes used are made of steel, plastic and copper. In case of using some fuel types ...

The use of effective insulation methods to reduce heat loss and minimize its economic and environmental effects in city piping systems is an important topic globally. This study uses a new method for insulation of city ...

In this study, the last thirty-two year meteorological data set obtained from the General Directorate of State Meteorology for the city of Duzce/Turkey was used. With this data set, thirty-two year outdoor temperature ...