Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

The Development of Pre-service Primary Teachers’ Understanding and Skills of Argumentation through Argument Driven Inquiry

2023-10-31T13:09:22Z

The Development of Pre-service Primary Teachers’ Understanding and Skills of Argumentation through Argument Driven Inquiry Özdem Yılmaz, Yasemin; Şahin Kalyon, Demet Argumentation is an indispensable part of scientific knowledge construction, and the inquiry laboratory is full of opportunities for argumentation. Yet, at primary schools, students learn science without any inducement to argumentation or inquiry. To fill this need, this study was aimed to develop pre-service primary teachers’ understanding of and skills in relation to scientific argumentation. In the study, we applied the principles of argument-driven inquiry (ADI) laboratory in the Science and Technology Laboratory Applications course. The participants were 57 pre-service primary teachers (PPTs). The research design was an embedded mixed method design, in which qualitative data was embedded in the quantitative design. The quantitative design was pre-test, post-test one group experimental design. The main sources of data were the Argumentation Test (AT) and PPTs’ written arguments. The PPTs actively participated in 5 ADI laboratory works after they were introduced to inquiry and argumentation in 4 preparatory laboratory sessions. The results showed statistically significant development of PPTs’ understanding of argumentation based on the analysis of AT responses. The analysis of written arguments supported these results by indicating improvement in PPTs’ arguments from weak to strong arguments. Implications of these findings highlight first, the efficacy of ADI laboratory work in engaging pre-service primary teachers in argument and inquiry-based instructional practices, and second, in supporting understanding of and skills regarding argumentation given the significance of their role in promoting scientific literacy.

Formal Verification of Bit-Vector Invertibility Conditions in Coq

2025-05-29T11:30:19Z

Formal Verification of Bit-Vector Invertibility Conditions in Coq Ekici, Burak; Viswanathan, Arjun; Zohar, Yoni; Tinelli, Cesare; Barrett, Clark Stanford University We prove the correctness of invertibility conditions for the theory of fixed-width bit-vectors—used to solve quantified bit-vector formulas in the Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver cvc5— in the Coq proof assistant. Previous work proved many of these in a completely automatic fashion for arbitrary bit-width; however, some were only proved for bit-widths up to 65, even though they are being used to solve formulas over larger bit-widths. In this paper we describe the process of proving a representative subset of these invertibility conditions in Coq. In particular, we describe the BVList library for bit-vectors in Coq, our extensions to it, and proofs of the invertibility conditions.

The Effect of Core Stabilization Exercises on Physical Fitness Parameters in Child Gymnasts: Randomized Controlled Assessor-blind Study

2023-10-31T12:42:41Z

The Effect of Core Stabilization Exercises on Physical Fitness Parameters in Child Gymnasts: Randomized Controlled Assessor-blind Study İpek Dongaz, Özge; Bayar, Kılıçhan; Başer, Yaprak Background: The improvement of physical fitness parameters is beneficial for child gymnasts to maximize functionality. Core stability exercises (CSEs) help maintain spinal stabilization during athletic performance. Thus, they contribute to enhancing gymnasts’ performance on various movements and planes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8-week CSEs training on the physical fitness parameters of child gymnasts. Hypothesis: An 8-week CSEs intervention could be beneficial for improving the various physical parameters in child gymnasts. Study Design: Randomized trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Thirty-six child gymnasts (aged 7-12 years) were allocated randomly into a training group (TG) and control group (CG). Participants in the TG received CSEs in addition to the traditional program for 8 weeks. The physical fitness parameters of all participants were assessed twice before and after training. Results: The results showed that all participants’ scores of balance, endurance, sprint, and jumping parameters improved after exercise programs (P < 0.05). The muscle strength and flexibility scores of the TG showed a statistically significant difference compared with the CG (P < 0.05). However, compared with other parameters, there were no significant changes seen in the scores between groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The CSEs training contributed to the improvement of all physical fitness parameters in child gymnasts. Clinical Relevance: The addition of CSEs to traditional training could help improve athletic performance in child gymnasts.

Effect of Rhizobacteria On Drought Stress Tolerance of Tomato Plants at Vegetative and Fruiting Growth Stages

2023-10-31T12:26:37Z

Effect of Rhizobacteria On Drought Stress Tolerance of Tomato Plants at Vegetative and Fruiting Growth Stages Altunlu, Hakan; Aydöner Çoban, Gökçe; Gül, Ayşe; Özaktan, Hatice This study including two successive experiments was conducted to evaluate the effect of native rhizobacteria (RB) strains on drought tolerance of tomato plants at the vegetative and fruiting growth stages. The first experiment was conducted in the growth room by growing plants in nutrient solution under polyethylene glycol induced drought stress, which initiated 7 days after planting and lasted 8 days by increasing the osmotic stress gradually every 48 h from Ψs = −0.25 to −1.00 MPa. Among the 12 RB tested, RB isolates 113 (Bacillus megaterium isolate NUC) and 377 (Bacillus cereus strain BBS7) were selected according to principal component analysis for testing in long term plant production. The second experiment was conducted in the greenhouse by growing plants in perlite filled pots for 128 days after transplanting. Irrigation was based on the water consumption of the plants, and the plants were irrigated to cover well-watered (100% FC) or drought (50% FC) of this amount. For both experiments, seeds were inoculated with the RB strains before sowing. RB inoculation increased plant growth, leaf pigment contents, antioxidant enzyme activities and ascorbic acid level, but reduced malondialdehyde levels in tomato plants under drought stress. The marketable yield was increased 8.7 and 10.6% in the absence of water stress, and 70.2 and 59.9% under water stress by RB 113 and RB 377, respectively.