PubMed İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

Assessment of allergenic peanut residue in commercial baby biscuits: implications for food safety and consumer protection

2026-06-26T07:00:47Z

Assessment of allergenic peanut residue in commercial baby biscuits: implications for food safety and consumer protection Önder, Nilgün; Muratoğlu, Karlo Peanuts are among the most clinically important food allergens and may cause severe reactions even at very low exposure levels. This study investigated the presence of peanut residues in packaged baby biscuits marketed on the European side of Istanbul without peanut-containing ingredient declarations. A total of 100 packaged baby biscuit samples labelled as not containing peanut ingredients were collected from retail outlets in Basaksehir (n = 35), Eyup (n = 33), and Avc & imath;lar (n = 32) between January and June 2022 and analysed using a commercial ELISA kit (RIDASCREEN (R) FAST Peanut; analytical range 3.3-20 mg/kg, with a limit of detection of 3.3 mg/kg). The products consisted of plain, whole grain, goat's milk-based, vegetable-based, butter-based, apple-flavoured, and gluten-free baby biscuits. Peanut residues above the kit threshold (3.30 mg/kg) were detected in 15 samples (15%), with quantified values ranging from 3.94 to 4.93 mg/kg, while the remaining 85 samples (85%) were below the detection limit. No statistically significant association was found between product type and the presence of peanut residues. These findings demonstrate a potential risk of unintentional peanut presence in baby biscuits and highlight the need for strengthened allergen management, validated cleaning procedures, and accurate allergen labelling to protect sensitive consumer groups, particularly infants and young children.

Validity and reliability of the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale among obstetricians and gynecologists

2026-06-25T12:17:43Z

Validity and reliability of the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale among obstetricians and gynecologists Doğan, uğur; Türkçapar, Ayşe Figen; Örnek Büken, Nüket Background Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that evaluates moral decisions based on their consequences, emphasizing the maximisation of overall well-being/outcomes for the greatest number. It serves as an important framework in clinical settings, where ethical dilemmas frequently arise. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale (OUS) among obstetricians and gynecologists (OB/GYNs). Methods A total of 194 obstetricians and gynecologists participated in this online study and completed the OUS alongside a brief sociodemographic questionnaire. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was evaluated via internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) and corrected item-total correlations. Additionally, measurement invariance analyses by sex were performed. Results CFA confirmed a two-dimensional structure- impartial beneficence and instrumental harm-with good fit indices. High reliability was indicated by both internal consistency coefficients and corrected item-total correlations. The results of the measurement invariance analyses showed similar measurement properties across genders. Conclusions The Turkish OUS demonstrated adequate construct validity and acceptable internal consistency in this OB/GYN sample. It can be used as a reliable and valid tool to support research, ethics education, and structured ethical reflection in obstetric practice.

Improvement of dynamic pupillary function after cataract surgery in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome: a six-month longitudinal pupillometry study

2026-06-25T12:03:00Z

Improvement of dynamic pupillary function after cataract surgery in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome: a six-month longitudinal pupillometry study Alaçamlı, Göksü; Kaşıkçı, Murat Purpose Impaired pupillary dynamics are a well-recognized feature of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF), yet little is known about how cataract surgery influences postoperative iris function in these eyes. This study aimed to determine the longitudinal effects of cataract surgery on static pupil diameters and dilation velocity in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome compared with age-matched controls. Methods This longitudinal study included 166 eyes of 166 patients undergoing cataract surgery, comprising 91 eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and 75 control eyes without pseudoexfoliation. Pupillary parameters were measured preoperatively and at six months postoperatively using automated pupillometry. Static pupil diameters were assessed under scotopic (0.04 lx), mesopic (4 lx), and photopic (40 lx) illumination conditions. Dynamic pupillary function was evaluated by measuring dilation velocity (DVel, mm/s) following a standardized light stimulus. Postoperative changes (Delta) were calculated as the difference between preoperative and postoperative measurements. Results Static pupil diameters remained stable in the PXF group across all illumination conditions (p > 0.05). In contrast, the control group demonstrated a significant reduction in scotopic pupil diameter after surgery (p = 0.008), while mesopic and photopic diameters remained unchanged. The most notable finding was observed in pupillary kinetics: dilation velocity significantly increased in the PXF group from 0.13 +/- 0.04 mm/s to 0.17 +/- 0.05 mm/s (p < 0.001), whereas no significant change was detected in the control group. Between-group comparison showed a significantly greater improvement in dilation velocity in PXF eyes (p < 0.001). Cataract morphology was not associated with postoperative pupillary changes. Conclusion These findings suggest that cataract surgery may be associated with measurable changes in dynamic pupillary behavior in PXF eyes, particularly in dilation velocity, while static pupil diameter remains largely unchanged.

Sustainable biodiesel from an invasive fish using immobilized lipase on magnetic nanogels as a novel management approach

2026-06-22T13:08:44Z

Sustainable biodiesel from an invasive fish using immobilized lipase on magnetic nanogels as a novel management approach Saç, Gülşah; Arabacı, Gökmen; İspirli Doğaç, Yasemin; Çağan, Aleyna; Ağdamar, Sevan; Özuluğ, Müfit An alternative strategy to mitigate the ecological and economic challenges posed by invasive fish species is to transform these organisms into valuable resources, generating economic benefits while simultaneously addressing ecosystem-related concerns. However, while the search for sustainable feedstocks continues, the specific potential of highly resilient invasive fish species for high-yield biodiesel production has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to address this research gap by producing high-yield biodiesel using the invasive fish Carassius gibelio as an oil source. In this context, lipase immobilized MnFe2O4- polyhydroxymethyl methacrylate magnetic nanogels were prepared and the production system conditions (lipase amount, methanol/oil molar ratio, and temperature) were optimized. Optimal conditions were obtained using a 4000 U lipase amount, a 5:1 methanol/oil molar ratio and a temperature of 55 °C. A 97.45% biodiesel yield was achieved with this system prepared under optimum conditions, and this prepared biocatalysis system was able to produce biodiesel with at least 50% yield 13 times. This study is the first to use the highly invasive C. gibelio as a sustainable raw material for biodiesel production. It introduces a novel biocatalytic approach by integrating invasive fish species utilization with a reusable MnFe2O4-pHEMA nanogel system, achieving both high efficiency and operational stability.