https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/220 2026-04-05T19:35:52Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/10994 Meeting Contemporary Challenges: Development of Nanomaterials for Veterinary Medicine Danchuk, Oleksii; Levchenko, Anna; Mesquita, Rochelly da Silva; Danchuk, Vyacheslav; Cengiz, Şeyda; Cengiz, Mehmet; Grafov, Andriy In recent decades, nanotechnology has been rapidly advancing in various fields of human activity, including veterinary medicine. The review presents up-to-date information on recent advancements in nanotechnology in the field and an overview of the types of nanoparticles used in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry, their characteristics, and their areas of application. Currently, a wide range of nanomaterials has been implemented into veterinary practice, including pharmaceuticals, diagnostic devices, feed additives, and vaccines. The application of nanoformulations gave rise to innovative strategies in the treatment of animal diseases. For example, antibiotics delivered on nanoplatforms demonstrated higher efficacy and lower toxicity and dosage requirements when compared to conventional pharmaceuticals, providing a possibility to solve antibiotic resistance issues. Nanoparticle-based drugs showed promising results in the treatment of animal parasitoses and neoplastic diseases. However, the latter area is currently more developed in human medicine. Owing to the size compatibility, nanomaterials have been applied as gene delivery vectors in veterinary gene therapy. Veterinary medicine is at the forefront of the development of innovative nanovaccines inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. The paper provides a brief overview of current topics in nanomaterial safety, potential risks associated with the use of nanomaterials, and relevant regulatory aspects. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/10305 The Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Wild and Domestic Animals: An Epidemiological Update for Domestic Animals and First Seroevidence in Wild Animals from Turkiye Çanakoğlu, Nurettin; Berber, Engin; Tonbak, şükrü; Aktaş, Münir; Vatansever, Zati; Özdarendeli, Aykut Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a zoonotic, tick-borne pathogen that is endemic to some parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia. The disease causes fever and hemorrhagic manifestations in humans but not in animals. Domestic and wild animals are asymptomatic hosts of CCHFV and are critical in the transmission cycle. Hyalomma marginatum spp. has been identified as the natural reservoir and vector of the virus in Turkiye. A few studies have been conducted on domesticated animals showing the seroprevalence of CCHFV in them, but seroevidence in wild animals is absent. For contributing this antrum to the understanding of virus transmission in Turkiye, we performed a seroprevalence investigation of CCHFV in both wild and domesticated animals in various geographical areas of Turkiye. In-house IgG iELISA was performed for the screening of sera IgG in a total of 582 animal samples collected from boar (n = 40), cattle (n = 259), goat (n = 132), hare (n = 21), and sheep (n = 130). Results from ELISA performed on domestic animals revealed 10.81%, 15.15%, and 19.23% anti-CCHF virus seropositivity in cattle, goats, and sheep, respectively, in collected serum samples. ELISA tests performed in wild animals showed 23.81% and 2.5% positivity in hare and wild boars, respectively, suggesting the importance of wild animals in CCHF virus epidemiology in Turkiye. This study performed the first serological investigation of CCHFV in wild animals and provided the first seroevidence of CCHFV in wild boars and hare in Turkiye. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/9613 Development of a protective inactivated vaccine against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever infection Berber, Engin; Çanakoğlu, Nurettin; Tonbak, Şükrü; Özdarendeli, Aykut Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging zoonotic infectious disease caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). The first clinical CCHF infection was described in 1944 in the Crimean Peninsula, exclusively in humans, with case-fatality rates exceeding 30%. The increasing number of cases, high mortality rate, and lack of effective therapy make CCHF a serious threat to public health and a potential bioterrorism agent. The present study evaluated the development, immunogenicity, and immune response durations for cell-culture-derived inactivated vaccine (CCVax) formulations in comparison with those of mouse-brain-derived vaccine (MBVax) formulations. In this study, the Kelkit06 CCHF virus strain was propagated in both suckling mice and Vero E6 cells, and purified with a sucrose gradient. Formalin-inactivated vaccine candidates were formulated at various doses [low dose (LD), 5 μg; medium dose (MD), 10 μg; high dose (HD), 20 μg)] and mixed with an alum adjuvant. BALB/c mice received the same doses of the vaccine formulations three times at 3-week intervals. The humoral endpoint IgG responses were evaluated and compared for the MBVax and CCVax treatments. The duration of the presence of IgG and neutralizing antibody (Ab) titers was evaluated and compared until up to 1 year after immunization. The humoral IgG responses indicated that the CCVax and MBVax candidates enhanced the IgG endpoint titers in a dose-dependent manner, which were induced more strongly in all the CCVax groups than in the MBVax mice. The fold changes in neutralizing Ab levels were also found to be higher in the CCVax groups: between 2- and 7.6-fold after the second week of the last immunization. The neutralization titers peaked 4 months after immunization in all the vaccine-receiving groups, but these were still comparable at the end of the first year. The CCVax formulations induced higher IgG and neutralizing Ab titers at all the measured time points. In this study, we showed that cell-culture-purified and formalin-inactivated vaccine candidates induced strong and robust immunity in vaccinated mice dose-dependently, more so than mouse-brain-derived vaccines. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/9515 Characterization of commercially available propolis products in Turkey based on individual phenolic compounds Oruç, Hasan Hüseyin; Çaycı, Meltem; Sorucu, Ali; Uzabacı, Ender; Nyandwi, Ramadhan The healing properties of propolis, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, tissue regeneration, and anti-ulcer, are due to the high content of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids). Therefore, propolis can potentially be used for human consumption or even for medicinal purposes. This study aimed to analyze sixteen individual phenolic compounds that have beneficial effects, determine their concentrations in local and imported raw propolis and products consumed in Turkey, and evaluate the determined results for propolis quality. A total 91 propolis samples were collected from commercial raw propolis and propolis products, which were from different provinces of Turkey and different countries, sold and used in Turkey between 2015 and 2018. Sixteen phenolic compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector system. Regardless of their origin, the results indicated that the concentrations of individual phenolic compounds varied greatly within crude, ethanol-based, water-based, and propylene glycol propolis samples analysed. There were significant differences in some individual phenolic compounds between the local and imported samples (p < 0.05). The current results showed that qualitative and quantitative analysis of commercial propolis samples for useful phenolic compounds are important and may provide quality control of propolis products. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z