https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/60 2026-04-05T18:21:41Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/11054 The effect of intranasal Medetomidine/Ketamine and Diazepam/Ketamine combinations on tear production and intraocular pressure in dogs Bulut, Osman; Yaygıngül, Rahime To determine the effect of intranasal medetomidine/ketamine and diazepam/ketamine combinations on tear production and intraocular pressure in dogs. The animal material included 28 dogs of different breeds, ages, weights and genders that were brought to the surgery department of the Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine for simple anesthesia indications but were otherwise healthy ocularly. In a crossover design, the dogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 7 dogs. Animals in the first group were given 50 mu g/kg of medetomidine and 10 mg/kg of ketamine intramuscularly (MEK-IM). The second group of animals was given 50 mu g/kg of medetomidine and 10 mg/kg of ketamine intranasally (MEK-IN). The third group received 10 mg/kg of ketamine and 0.3 mg/kg of diazepam intramuscularly (DK-IM). The fourth group received 10 mg/kg of ketamine and 0.3 mg/kg of diazepam intanasally (DK-IN). Comparison of the data of more than two groups was done by ANOVA one-way test. The results of the study showed that MEK-IN and DK-IN combinations significantly decreased tear secretion and intraocular pressure in dogs. The decrease in tear secretion was more pronounced with the MEK-IN combination than with the DK-IN. The decrease in intraocular pressure was more pronounced with the MEK-IN combination than with the DKIN. These results suggest that MEK-IN and DK-IN combinations can be used as pre-anesthetics in dogs to reduce tear secretion and intraocular pressure. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these combinations in clinical settings. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/11005 Evaluation of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Essential Oil as a Digestive Tract Regulator in Broilers Bülbül, Tuba; Özdemir, Vural; Bülbül, Aziz The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) essential oil on duodenal and colonic contractions of broilers in vitro. For this purpose, 10 broiler intestines (42 days old) obtained from a slaughterhouse were brought to the laboratories by immersed in Krebs solution (NaCl, 118 mmol/L; KCl, 4.7 mmol/L; CaCl2, 2.5 mmol/L; MgSO4, 1 mmol/L; KH2 PO4, 1 mmol/L; glucose, 11 mmol/L; NaHCO3, 25 mmol/L) at +4°C. Isolated duodenal and colon tissue strips were placed in a four-channel, isolated organ bath system, where they were exposed to Krebs solution aerated with a gas mixture of 95% O2-5% CO2, at 39°C. The effect of peppermint essential oil (PEO) obtained by hydrodistillation method on spontaneous duodenum and colon contractions was evaluated in the concentration range of 0.1-1000 μg/mL. Subsequently, the effects of 300 and 1000 μg/mL PEO were reevaluated on acetylcholine-induced contractions after incubation with Nω-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, NOS inhibitor) and Methylene Blue (MB, cGC inhibitor). It was determined that the PEO dose-dependently decreased the amplitude of spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced contractions in both isolated tissues. This relaxant effect persisted after L-NNA and MB incubations. In conclusion, PEO induced relaxation in isolated duodenum and colon intestinal smooth muscles not through the nitric oxide-sGMP pathway. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/10994 Meeting Contemporary Challenges: Development of Nanomaterials for Veterinary Medicine Danchuk, Oleksii; Levchenko, Anna; Mesquita, Rochelly da Silva; Danchuk, Vyacheslav; Cengiz, Şeyda; Cengiz, Mehmet; Grafov, Andriy In recent decades, nanotechnology has been rapidly advancing in various fields of human activity, including veterinary medicine. The review presents up-to-date information on recent advancements in nanotechnology in the field and an overview of the types of nanoparticles used in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry, their characteristics, and their areas of application. Currently, a wide range of nanomaterials has been implemented into veterinary practice, including pharmaceuticals, diagnostic devices, feed additives, and vaccines. The application of nanoformulations gave rise to innovative strategies in the treatment of animal diseases. For example, antibiotics delivered on nanoplatforms demonstrated higher efficacy and lower toxicity and dosage requirements when compared to conventional pharmaceuticals, providing a possibility to solve antibiotic resistance issues. Nanoparticle-based drugs showed promising results in the treatment of animal parasitoses and neoplastic diseases. However, the latter area is currently more developed in human medicine. Owing to the size compatibility, nanomaterials have been applied as gene delivery vectors in veterinary gene therapy. Veterinary medicine is at the forefront of the development of innovative nanovaccines inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. The paper provides a brief overview of current topics in nanomaterial safety, potential risks associated with the use of nanomaterials, and relevant regulatory aspects. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/10876 Images of Normal Ocular Fundus in Saanen Goats Bulut, Osman; Kurt, Busra Kibar; Bilgen Şen, Zeynep; Bozkan, Zeynep Imaging of the fundus during ophthalmological examination of the eye allows the evaluation and diagnosis of many diseases. Traditionally, eye examination is performed by using an ophthalmoscope. Indirect ophthalmoscopy is also used for visualization of the posterior segment in animals. By this way, posterior segment structures of the eye such as optic disc, retina, tapetal and nontapetal regions, retinal vessels and choroidea can be examined. Ultrasonography and special camera systems are also used currently to image for the ocular fundus. The structure of the fundus can vary between species, as well as between races within the same species. No study on fundus imaging of Saanen goats were found among the ophthalmological studies performed in goats. The ClearView fundus camera was used by holding it towards the goat's pupils, and both eyes were examined. Data on the tapetal region, optic disc in the nontapetal region, retina and retinal vessels were obtained. All goats tapetal regions contained predominantly blue or green (most frequently). The nontapetal region was predominantly dark brown. The optic disc was located at the tapetal-nontapetal region border mostly located in the tapetal region. The form of the optic disc was oval and round. A gray spot in the center of the disc represents the remnant of the hyaloid artery or Bergmeister's papilla. Bergmeister papillae were found in 29 animals in total, and in only one eye of 10 animals. The tapetal fundus in goats had a mild uniform stippling at the end of the capillaries called stars of Winslow. These stars are characteristic, giving these species a singular ophthalmoscopic aspect. While Winslow's stars were observed in 35 animals in total, they were found in only one eye in seven goats. Our study aimed to obtain the normal reference values of the fundus of Saanen goats and to contribute to the literature. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z