Cost-optimal day-ahead scheduling of multi-energy systems with micro-mobility

Abstract

The escalating demand for energy necessitates the exploration of innovative solutions. In this context, Multi-Energy Systems (MESs) emerge as a promising and efficient approach for delivering diverse energy services, such as heating, cooling, and electricity, to end users. Determining the optimal configuration of an MES requires a holistic evaluation encompassing its constituent components, prevailing energy prices, and load demands. This study investigates an MES incorporating Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units, Heat Pumps (HPs), Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), Community Energy Storage (CES), multi-energy demands, and micro-mobility options such as electric scooters (e-scooters). The primary objective of the study is to minimise operational costs and improve system efficiency while satisfying all energy demands. This objective is pursued by evaluating the optimal MES operation under different electricity tariffs, adhering to associated constraints throughout the operation period. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of e-scooters and their charging impacts on the power network operation are assessed. The proposed strategy is thoroughly implemented across case studies, and simulation results show a 21.05% reduction in operational costs compared to the base case.