Effect of Ocimum basilicum on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation: Does the effect change according to niches?

Abstract

It is a big issue that reduced bone density and large fractıres in dentistry and orthopedics. Side effects caused by synthetic drugs lead to medical and ethical problems. Thus, plants and medicinal plant research take attention. Aim of this preliminary in vitro study is to investigate the effect of Ocimum basilicum extract on dental pulp (DP) and bone marrow (BM) derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and immunological response to TNF-?. Human dental pulp tissue was obtained from patients (15-20 years of age) who were undergoing extraction of third molars for orthodontic reasons at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Gazi University*. xCELLigence system was used to determine prolfieration of DP- and BM-MSCs. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation was shown and calcium concentration, osteocalcin and osteonectin levels were examined. Inflammatory environment was mimiced through TNF-? stimulation and IL-6 and IL-10 levels were defined by ELISA. Doubling time mwith O. basilicum was found in DP- MSCs (38 h) and BM-MSCs (76 h). IC50 value was shown as 148 µ g/mL in DP-MSCs and 178 µ g/mL in BM-MSCs. Calcium concentration of BM-MSCs was found decreased in O. basilicum treated groups. Level of ostoenectin was reduced in O. basilicum treated cells suggesting that the Extract accelerated the osteogenic differentiation. We suggest that O. basilicum could be a smart ostoeinductive agent where BM-MSCs should be investigated further. Rich flora of Turkey is an opportunity for us and encourangement can easily give inside to medicinal plant investigations. *B.30.2.GÜ N.0.20-122 Ethics Committee Report.