https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/19 2026-08-24T03:18:40Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/11243 Testing the Turkish version of the breastfeeding literacy assessment instrument: a validity and reliability study Küçük Erdöl, Ebru; Yeşilçiçek Çalık, Kıymet; Aygün, Özcan; Tayar Öztürk, Nazan Background: Breastfeeding literacy is an essential component of maternal and child health, as it enables women to make informed decisions about breastfeeding practices. The objective of this study was to adapt the Breastfeeding Literacy Assessment Instrument for women in the perinatal period into Turkish and to conduct validity and reliability analyses. Methods: This study was conducted face-to-face between September 2023 and February 2024 and involved 470 women in the perinatal period. The data were analysed and evaluated using factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and item–total correlations. The level of statistical significance was accepted at 0.05. Results: The scale has 26 items within four subdimensions, namely Access, Understand, Appraise, and Apply. According to the factor analysis, the scale explains 55.65% of the variance with four factors. While the Cronbach’s alpha value for the scale as a whole is 0.935, it varies between 0.773 and 0.860 for the subdimensions. The fit indices are as follows: χ2 = 613.82, p < 0.001, χ2/SD = 2.09, GFI = 0.82, CFI = 0.88, and RMSEA = 0.069 (95% CI: 0.061–0.077). The model fit of the Turkish version of the Breastfeeding Literacy Assessment Instrument is at an acceptable level and the scale maintained its original four-factor structure, demonstrating a robust factor structure. Conclusion: The Breastfeeding Literacy Assessment Instrument is a validated and reliable tool for the assessment of breastfeeding literacy among Turkish women in the perinatal period, and it can be used by health professionals. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/11205 Beyond Efficiency: Testing DEA -Selected Portfolios with Behavioral Utility and the Sharpe Ratio in BIST 100 Cenger, Hatice The study aims to empirically test the superiority of portfolios composed of stocks located on the DEA efficient frontier and introduces a multidimensional evaluation framework that integrates technical efficiency analysis with investor behavior. The risk-return space, based on Markowitz’s mean-variance model, is non-parametrically restructured using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Portfolios constructed based on DEA super-efficiency scores are evaluated using a utility function representing investor preferences modeled within a behavioral finance framework (A = 1 and A = 5); performance is also compared via the Sharpe ratio. The analysis, conducted using BIST 100 data for the period 2016-2019, shows that the highest utility and Sharpe ratios are concentrated in portfolios identified by DEA as efficient. These findings suggest that technical efficiency and behavioral investment decisions can align, providing investors with a holistic framework for both rational and behaviorally consistent portfolio selection. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/11075 Raffaello Sanzio’dan Önce Ahmedi Vardı: Osmanlı Devleti’nde Ekfrastik Bir Atina Okulu Tablosu ya da Felsefenin Şiirleştirilmiş Hali İnce, Yunus In his work titled Iskendername, the last copies of which are dated to 1411, Ahmedi describes in an ekphrasis style the discussions of Greek philosophers in the presence of Alexander on philosophical issues such as the essence of existence, its types, and the source and end of existence. In Iskendernâme, a method that aims to reach a conclusion through the comparison of opposing concepts such as limited will-major will, soul-body, world-ukba, youth-age, creator-created, wahdat-continuity, and intellect-nafis is adopted. In the work, philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and Hippocrates represent Greek/Western philosophy, while the unnamed Indian philosopher and the Chinese philosopher named Behram represent Eastern philosophy, and Khidr represents divine theology or Islamic philosophy. The painting known as the School of Athens, on the other hand, is a fresco completed by Raffaello Sanzio in 1511 upon papal commission to show the reconciliation of philosophy and theology. The Greek philosophers depicted arguing among themselves in the work represent Western philosophy. This study aims to compare two works, one produced in the form of poetry and the other in the form of a painting, which deal with the same subject approximately a century apart, in terms of their understanding of philosophy and esthetics. By subjecting both works to a comparison in terms of art and philosophy, it will be possible to draw attention to the differences between the Western and Eastern Civilizations’ understanding of art and philosophy. More detailed studies are needed to determine all the details of the two civilizations’ views on art and philosophy.; Ahmedî, son nüshaları 1411 yılına tarihlenen İskendernâme adlı eserinde Yunan filozoflarının İskender’in huzurunda varlığın özü, türleri, varlığın kaynağı, sonu gibi felsefî konulardaki tartışmalarını ekfrastik bir tarzda betimler (şiirle resmeder). İskendernâme’de cüzi irade-külli irade, ruh-beden, dünya-ukba, gençlik-yaşlılık, yaratıcı -yaratılmış, vahdet-kesret, akıl-nefis gibi zıt anlamlı kavramların karşılaştırılması üzerinden neticeye ulaşmayı hedefleyen bir usul benimsenmiştir. Eserde Sokrates, Platon, Aristoteles, Hipokrates gibi filozoflar Yunan/Batı felsefesini temsil ederken, adı zikredilmeyen Hintli filozof ve Behram adlı Çinli filozof Doğu felsefesini, Hızır ise ilahî kelamı ya da İslâm felsefesini temsil eder. Atina Okulu olarak bilinen resim ise, Rafaello Sanzio tarafından Papalığın felsefe ile teolojiyi uzlaşı içerisinde göstermek için 1511 yılında tamamlanmış bir fresktir. Bu freskte farklı hatta zıt görüşte olan filozoflar belirli gruplara ayrılmış şekilde bir arada resmedilmiştir. Eserde kendi aralarında tartışır vaziyette resmedilen Yunan filozofları, Batı felsefesini, İbn Rüşd ve Zerdüşt, Doğu felsefesini temsil eder. Bu çalışma yaklaşık yüzyıl arayla aynı konuyu işleyen biri şiir diğeri ise resim formunda üretilmiş iki eseri, felsefe ve estetik anlayışları bakımından karşılaştırmak amacındadır. Her iki eserin sanat ve felsefe açısından bir karşılaştırmaya tabi tutulmasıyla, Batı ve Doğu medeniyetlerinin sanat ve felsefe anlayışları arasındaki farklara dikkat çekmek mümkün olacaktır. İki medeniyet dairesinin sanata ve felsefeye bakışı hususundaki tüm ayrıntıların tespiti hususunda daha ayrıntılı çalışmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/11069 The Development of Pre-service Primary Teachers’ Understanding and Skills of Argumentation through Argument Driven Inquiry Özdem Yılmaz, Yasemin; Şahin Kalyon, Demet Argumentation is an indispensable part of scientific knowledge construction, and the inquiry laboratory is full of opportunities for argumentation. Yet, at primary schools, students learn science without any inducement to argumentation or inquiry. To fill this need, this study was aimed to develop pre-service primary teachers’ understanding of and skills in relation to scientific argumentation. In the study, we applied the principles of argument-driven inquiry (ADI) laboratory in the Science and Technology Laboratory Applications course. The participants were 57 pre-service primary teachers (PPTs). The research design was an embedded mixed method design, in which qualitative data was embedded in the quantitative design. The quantitative design was pre-test, post-test one group experimental design. The main sources of data were the Argumentation Test (AT) and PPTs’ written arguments. The PPTs actively participated in 5 ADI laboratory works after they were introduced to inquiry and argumentation in 4 preparatory laboratory sessions. The results showed statistically significant development of PPTs’ understanding of argumentation based on the analysis of AT responses. The analysis of written arguments supported these results by indicating improvement in PPTs’ arguments from weak to strong arguments. Implications of these findings highlight first, the efficacy of ADI laboratory work in engaging pre-service primary teachers in argument and inquiry-based instructional practices, and second, in supporting understanding of and skills regarding argumentation given the significance of their role in promoting scientific literacy. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z