The ocular endothelin system: A novel target for the treatment of endotoxin-induced uveitis with bosentan

Abstract

Purpose. We compared the anti-inflammatory effects of bosentan and dexamethasone in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). Methods. Endotoxin-induced uveitis was induced by subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 ?g) in Wistar rats. Rats were divided randomly into 10 groups (n = 6). Bosentan at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg were administered orally 1 hour before and 12 hours after LPS injection, and dexamethasone was administered by intraperitoneally 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after LPS injection at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Data were collected at two time points for each control and treatment; animals were killed at either 3 or 24 hours after LPS injection. Histopathologic evaluation and aqueous humour measurements of TNF-? level were performed, and endothelin-1 (ET-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and endothelin receptor A and B (EDNRA and B) expression were analyzed. Results. The group treated with 100 mg/kg bosentan at 24 hours displayed significantly milder uveitis and fewer inflammatory cells compared to LPS-injected animals, and there were similar findings in the dexamethasone-treated group at 24 hours. The TNF-? levels in the dexamethasone treatment group were lower than those in the LPS-induced uveitis control group (P < 0.05); however, there was no difference between the dexamethasone and bosentan treatment groups at 3 and 24 hours after LPS administration. Bosentan treatment at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly decreased iNOS expression compared to LPS-injected animals (P < 0.001). The ET-1 expression was suppressed significantly by bosentan and dexamethasone at 3 and 24 hours after LPS administration (P < 0.001). The EDNRA expression in the bosentan treatment groups was statistically significantly lower than that in the LPS-induced uveitis control group at 3 and 24 hours after LPS administration (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Bosentan reduces intraocular inflammation and has similar effects as dexamethasone in a rat model of EIU. © 2014 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.