Chemometrics Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of the Extracts of Chaerophyllum Bulbosum Roots and Aerial Parts

Abstract

The objective of this study was provide the first report to assess the high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) identification of phytochemicals, the spectrophotometric determination of total phenolics and flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of the root and aerial extracts of Chaerophyllum bulbosum. HPLC-DAD identified the main phytochemical to be rosmarinic acid in the roots in the acetone (CBRA) (13.98 ± 0.12 mg/g) and the aerial water (CBAW) extract; myricetin (8.30 ± 0.22 mg/g) in the root methanol extract (CBRM); trans-aconitic acid (6.46 ± 0.49 mg/g) in the root water extract (CBRW) and fumaric acid in the aerial methanol (CBAM) (17.43 ± 0.87 mg/g) and water CBAW (18.96 ± 0.81 mg/g) extracts. The concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids were 2.00 ± 0.14-17.79 ± 0.99 µg PEs/mg extract and 2.90 ± 0.00-27.64 ± 0.37 µg QEs/mg extract, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the root acetone extract (CBRA) using the β-carotene-linoleic (IC50: 172.31 ± 0.16 µg/mL) and CUPRAC (A0.50: 126.00 ± 0.24 µg/mL) assays and in the root water extract (CBRW) for DPPH• (IC50: 59.51 ± 0.21 µg/mL) and metal chelating (IC50: 65.91 ± 0.36 µg/mL) assays in the aerial water extract (CBAW) using the ABTS•+ (IC50: 59.51 ± 0.21 µg/mL) assay. The relationship between the phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of the extracts was chemometrically determined by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).